Defensive
mechanism (AvZ¥i¶vi c×wZmg~n)
AvZœi¶v gvby‡li GKwU mnRvZ cÖe„wË hvi gva¨‡g gvbyl wb‡R‡K A‡bK
`ytwðš—v, ivM, Nyg, PzcPvc _vKv, Amnvq Ae¯’v I DwØMœ n‡Z i¶v K‡i| hv n‡Z cv‡i
Af¨š—ixb A_ev evwn¨K Zvobv ev D‡ËRbv hv gvbyl‡K m`vB DwØMœ K‡i iv‡L| gvbyl me
wKQzB Lye mnRfv‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv hvi Kvi‡Y †m GK ev GKvwaK Dcv‡q †m¸‡jv
cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K| hv gvby‡li kvixwiK I gvbwmK Ae¯’vi cÖwZ Mfxi BwZevPK ev
†bwZevPK cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i| hv ¯^v¯’¨Ki Avevi A¯^v¯’¨KiI n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e, GKB mv‡_
A‡bK¸‡jv ¯^v¯’¨Ki I A¯^v¯’¨Ki Dcvq Av‡Q hv gvbyl‡K fvj wKsev g‡›`i w`‡K wb‡q
†h‡Z cv‡i| d«q‡Wi e¨vL¨vbyhvqx BW ÔIdÕ Gi ‡h cÖKvk Zv ÔEgoÕ
cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv; Avevi ‡mLv‡b mycvi B‡Mv `Super Ego’ hv e‡j Zv AwZwi³ KiQ e‡j Zvov K‡i †eovq| ZvB A‡bK mgqB BW ÔIdÕ Ges mycvi B‡Mvi ÔEgoÕ g‡a¨ Afvimvg¨ Ae¯’v weivR K‡i hv‡Z fvimvg¨ wd‡i Av‡m Zvi Rb¨
B‡Mv ÔEgoÕ G `yB‡qi g‡a¨ KvR ev
mgbœq K‡i _v‡K| ZvB BW ÔIdÕ
mycvi B‡Mv‡K ÔEgoÕ Zvobv w`‡q Zvov K‡i †eovq
Avi mycvi B‡Mv ÔEgoÕ e‡j hv KiQ Zv‡Z Zv‡Z
AwZwi³ fyj n‡”Q| Z‡e, ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ wewfbœ Pvwn`v ev Abyf~wZi D`q
nq| hLb †m¸‡jv‡K ¯^vfvweKfv‡e cÖKvk bv K‡i Avgiv Avovj Kwi, `~‡i mwi‡q ivwL,
†X‡K ivwL, A¯^xKvi Kwi ev Pvwc‡q ivwL ZLb Avgv‡`i G cÖ‡Póv¸‡jv cÖwZi¶v cØwZi
AvIZvq G‡m hvq hLb Agviv Zv‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z ÔDefensive mechanism Õ(AvZ¥i¶vi c×wZ) e‡j| Z‡e, G AvZœi¶vi c×wZ¸‡jv A¯^v¯’¨Ki †Kbbv Zv
Avgv‡`i gvbwmK kw³¸‡jv‡K bó K‡i hv Avgiv MVbg~jK Kv‡R e¨envi Ki‡Z cviZvg| wb‡P
wewfbœ iKg AvZ¥i¶vi c×wZmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:
1| Repression
(Ae`gb): G cØwZi gva¨‡g gvbyl hv ej‡Z Pvq Zv ej‡Z wM‡qI e‡j bv| e¨w³ wb‡Ri
g‡a¨B †i‡L †`q| GwU †hgb wb‡R wb‡R Zz‡li Av¸‡Y ax‡i ax‡i R¡‡j cy‡o _vKvi gZ|
wb‡Ri wfZ‡iB Kómg~n e¨w³ †P‡c iv‡L hw`I A‡bK‡¶‡Î †m¸‡jv n‡q I‡V Amnbxq| ZvB †m
A¯^v¯’¨Ki Ges †Uªvgvi (Trauma)
ga¨ w`‡q hvq| AmveavbZvekZ Kó cvq| †m Rb¨ †m Ab¨ wKQz‡ZI g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cv‡i bv|
wb‡R wb‡RB †hb Am‡PZbZv †_‡K m‡PZbZvq bv Avmvi Rb¨ gb‡K I we‡eK‡K bv K‡i †`q| GwU GgbwUI n‡Z cv‡i †h, hv mgv‡R MÖnYxq bq, Ggb wKQy KóKi ¯§„wZ ev
Abyf~wZ A_ev Zvobv‡K f~‡j _vKvi Rb¨ †m¸‡jv‡K m‡PZbfv‡e m‡PZb gb †_‡K Ae‡PZb g‡b
XywK‡q iv‡L| A_v©r e¨w³ †mB †e`bvgq ¯§„wZ‡K evi evi f~‡j †h‡Z Pvq| GRb¨ e¨w³
†e`bvgq ¯§„wZi mv‡_ RwoZ †h †Kvb e¯‘ ev Dcv`vb‡K bó K‡i †d‡j|
2|
A¯^xKvi Kiv (Denial): GwUi w`‡q e¨w³ g~jZ Mfxi K‡ói NUbv, wPš—v ev Abyf~wZi Aw¯—Z¡‡K
A¯^xKvi K‡i| †hgb: cix¶vq Lye fvj K‡i hw`I †m AvZœwek¦vmx †h †m cvk Ki‡e Z_vwc
hw` †m †dj K‡i e‡m Zv Zvi Rb¨ AZ¨waK K‡ói hv †m mZ¨ bq e‡j A¯^xKvi K‡i| hw`I
c‡i †m Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i †bq| wmMgÛ d«‡qW A¯^xKvi KivUv‡K AcQ›`bxq I AMÖnYxq e‡j
E‡jL K‡ib hw`I Zv ciewZ©‡Z A¯^xKvi Kivi gZ cwi‡ek _v‡K bv|
3|
Regression (c~‡e©i Ae¯’vq
wd‡i wM‡q Avc‡mvm Kiv): AZx‡Zi †Kvb
myLKi ev Avb›`gq ¯§„wZ‡K Aej¤^b K‡i hLb †KD wb‡Ri Kó‡K fy‡j _vK‡Z Pvq ZLb
Zv‡K Regression ev c~‡e©i Ae¯’vq wd‡i wM‡q
Avc‡mvm Kiv e‡j| †hgb: A‡bK mgq †Kvb GK weaevi GKwU gvÎ †Q‡j _vK‡Z cv‡i hv‡K
wb‡q †m †eu‡P _vKvi ¯^cœ †`‡L| wKš‘ `yN©UbvekZ hLb †m gviv hvq ZLb Avi Kivi
wKQzB _v‡K bv| weaevi hv Kivi _v‡K Zv n‡jv Zvi †Q‡ji Rxe‡bi mv‡_ Rwo‡q _AKv
†Kvb Qwe ev e¯‘ hv Zv‡K my‡Li D‡`ªK Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avi Ggb `y‡Li ¯§„wZ‡K AvuK‡o a‡i
evKx Rxeb KvwU‡q †`q Avi Avc‡mvm K‡i| G‡ZB Zviv Zv‡`i Kó f~‡j _v‡K I Avb›` cvq|
4|
Fixation (e×g~j aviYv ev
gvbwmK DbœwZi e¨vnwZ): e×g~j aviYv GKRb e¨w³ wKsev cÖvYx wKsev †Kvb e¯‘i mv‡_
n‡Z cv‡i hv‡Z e¨w³ AZ¨waK Avm³| †Kvb
†Kvb gvbyl Av‡Q hviv Rxe‡b msNl© I SzuwKi m¤§~Lxb n‡Z fq cvb| hvi d‡j
Zv‡`i gvbwmK DbœwZi e„w× NUv‡Z Pvb bv| KviY Zviv fq cvq, `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Ki‡Z Pvq
bv Gs AwbðqZvq †fv‡M| †hgb: Kv‡iv mv‡_ Avgvi eÜzZ¡ bó n‡q hv‡e GB
†f‡e eÜy‡K Avwg mZK© ev mgv‡jvPbv bv K‡i Zvi A‰bwZK Kv‡R Avwg hLb mg_©b †hvMvB
ZLb Zv‡K Fixation e‡j| GwU GKwU A¯^v¯’¨Ki
Dcvq|
5|
Projection (A‡b¨i Dci wb‡Ri
wKQy Pvwc‡q †`Iqv): Rxe‡bi cÖwZw`bKvi NUbv
A‡bK mgqB Avgv‡`i wb‡R‡`i Kv‡Q MÖnYxq n‡q I‡V bv| †m mg¯—‡¶‡Î hLb wb‡Ri
AMÖnYxq g‡bvfve A‡b¨i Nv‡o Pvwc‡q †`qv ev wb‡Ri mxgve×Zv A‡b¨i gv‡S Pvwc‡q
†`qv nq ZvB †cÖv‡RKkb|
¯^vgx
¯¿xi g‡a¨ SMov n‡j ¯¿x hw` †mB ivM †Q‡ji Kv‡Q Sv‡o Zv‡K Displacement Avi †Q‡jwU hw` Zv wb‡Ri ivMUv covi †Uwe‡j Sv‡o ZvB †cÖv‡RKkb|
6|
Reaction formation
(cªwZwµqvi MVb): GwUi ga¨ w`‡q gvby‡li Ggb
AvPiY‡K †evSvq hv gvby‡li wfZiKvi Avmj Abyf~wZ ev AvKv•¶v‡K cÖKvk bv K‡i wVK
Zvi D‡ëvUv‡K cÖKvk K‡i| A_©vr Avgvi wfZ‡i Av‡Q, †bwZevPK Abyf~wZ; wKš‘ Avwg
evB‡i †`Lvjvg BwZevPK Abyf~wZ | †hgb: K¬v‡m Avmv GKRb †mwgbvixqvb‡K
†Mvgov gy‡L K¬v‡mi w`‡K GwM‡q †h‡Z †`‡L hw` cÖkœ Kiv nq †Kgb Av‡Qv? ZLb †m GKwU
gwjb nvwm w`‡q ej‡e- Avwg fvj AvwQ| GwU A‡bKUv ‡Kvb wKQz jyKv‡bvi gZ| KviY Zvi
g‡bi wfZ‡i ivM ev `ytL _vKv m‡Ë¡I †m Zv †P‡c ivL‡Q| GLv‡b Reaction
I Formation G `ywU welq KvR K‡i
KviY Zv‡`i g‡b ivM Av‡Q| †m GgbwU cÖKvk K‡i D‡ëv my›`i nvwm †`q| GB AvZ¥
i¶vi cÖwµqv A‡bK mgq - Positive †_‡K
Negative action
n‡Z cv‡i Avevi Negative action †_‡K Positive
action I n‡Z cv‡i|
7|
Undoing (gy‡Q †djvi
†Póv): †Kv_vI wKQy GKUv Kivi ci
A‡bK Acgvb‡eva n‡qwQj Zv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c ¯§„wZ †_‡K gy‡Q †djvi †PóvB n‡jv Undoing| gy‡Q †djvi †Póv GK ai‡bi Defensive attitude| gy‡Q †djvi †Póv Kivi d‡j Zv ¯§„wZ †_‡K gy‡Q †djv m¤¢e n‡jI cÖK…Z
c‡¶ Acgvb‡ev‡ai Abyf~wZ gvby‡li g‡a¨ †_‡KB hvq| Avi GKvi‡bB GKB iKg Abyf~wZ
gvbyl ¯^‡cœi ga¨ w`‡qI Abyfe K‡i _v‡K| Undoing gvby‡li gvbwmK Rxe‡b A‡bK †cÖmvi m„wó K‡i hv gvby‡li Rb¨ ¶wZKi|
ZvB †h †Kvb †bwZevPK Abyf~wZ¸‡jv gy‡Q †djvi †Póv bv K‡i †m¸‡jv‡K Kv‡iv bv
Kv‡ivi Kv‡Q cÖKvk Ki‡Z nq| Zvn‡j Acgvb‡eva ev j¾v `~i nq Ges gvbwmK †cÖmvi †_‡K
wbivgq N‡U|
8|
Sublimation (mnRvZ cÖe„w˸‡jv‡K
AwaKZi mvgvwRK Lv‡Z cÖevwnZKiY): gvbwmK kw³ ev g›`Uv‡K Ab¨fv‡e †gvo Nyov‡bv|
†hgb ivM ev cÖwZwnsmvcivqY n‡q gvby‡li cwie‡Z© Mi“ RevB Kiv | hw`I Zv‡Z NUbv
wn‡m‡e evavMÖ¯— nq Z_vwc ¶wZ ev cÖPÛ iK‡gi ¶wZ †mLv‡b nq bv| ZvB ms®K…wZ ev
Áv‡bi cÖKvk mnRfv‡e, BwZevPK ev fvjfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b `iKvi|
mvewjg¨vk‡b e¨w³i g‡a¨ AcÖZ¨vwkZ †h mKj
A‰bwZK kw³ ev Zvobv, Kómg~n Av‡Q; †m¸‡jv‡K f~‡j _vKvi Rb¨ e¨w³ mvgvwRKfv‡e
Aby‡gvw`Z wewfbœ Dbœqbg~jK KvRK‡g©i mv‡_ wb‡R‡K RwoZ K‡i mvewjg¨vk‡bi Kv‡R
AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges wb‡Ri Rgv‡bv ivM ev †¶vc Ab¨fv‡e Ab¨Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| †hgb: msN, mwgwZ, I wk‡íi Abykxjb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
9|
Humor (nvm¨-†KŠZzK g~jK
AvPiY ev gb †gRvR): GB AvZ¥i¶vi c×wZ e¨vw³‡K
AcÖxwZKi ev weiw³Ki †Kvb wKQyi Dci †dvKvm Ki‡Z AbygwZ †`q hv‡Z e¨w³ wb‡Ri Kó‡K
Rq Ki‡Z cv‡i| nvm¨-†KŠZzK g~jK AvPiY ev gb †gRvR n‡jv AvZ¥i¶vi c×wZi e‡›`ve‡¯—i
†¶‡Î DrK…ó c`‡¶c| ZvB Zv ¯^v¯’¨Ki cÖwZi¶v ev AvZœi¶¨ g~jK Dcvq wn‡m‡eI we‡ewPZ|
10| Suppression (†Mvcb Kiv ev fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ wejw¤^Z Kiv): Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ †h wbivb›``vqK †bwZevPK Abyf~wZ (Unpleasant
feelings) ev my›`i my›`i NUbv ¸‡jv Av‡Q †m¸‡jv‡K `wg‡q
ivLv ev †Mvcb K‡i †djv‡K ev †m¸‡jv‡K Gwo‡q Pjv‡K Suppression e‡j| †hgb: ivM ev N„Yv‡K jywK‡q ivLv ev Gwo‡q Pjv|
KviY G¸‡jv n‡jv KóKi I bxim| hv Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b Pjgvb MwZ‡K Ab¨w`‡K Nywi‡q wb‡q
hvq|
11| Anticipation (c~e© Ávb ev c~e©vfvm A_ev c~ev‡ýB Av‡jvPbv ev Dcjwä Kiv): GB AvZ¥i¶vg~jK g‡bvfv‡ei ga¨ w`‡q e¨w³ fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ Av‡M †_‡KB
cwiKíbv K‡i ev wb‡R‡K cÖ¯‘Z K‡i| D`vniY¯^i“c ejv hvq †h, GKRb QvÎ Rv‡b †h †m
we‡`‡k D”PZi covïbvi Rb¨ hv‡e| ZvB †m hLb covïbv K‡i ZLb Lye g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mwnZ
covïbv K‡i I eyS‡Z †Póv K‡i; KviY Zvi †m wel‡q fwel¨‡Z covïbv Ki‡Z n‡e| G iKg
g‡bvfve‡K BwZevPK AvZ¥i¶vg~jK c×wZ e‡j|
12| Compensation (¶wZ c~iY I e¨_©Zv‡K Avovj Kiv): g‡bvwe`¨vq Kg‡cb‡mkb ej‡Z eySvq hLb †Kvb e¨w³ m‡PZb ev Am‡PZbfv‡e
†Kvb KvR nZvkv, evmbv, Abyf~wZi ch©vßZv ev `ye©jZv‡nZz c~Y© Ki‡Z cv‡i bv ZLb †m
Zv Ab¨fv‡e c~Y© K‡i †bqv| Avevi Zv GgbI n‡Z cv‡i †h, †Kvb GKwU †¶‡Î hLb Avgiv
e¨_© nB ZLb Ab¨ †Kvb GKwU KvR K‡i Zv XvK‡Z PvIqvB e¨_©Zv Avovj Kiv (Compensation) e‡j| †hgb: QvÎ cix¶vq †dj K‡i e¨_©Zv I j¾v XvKvi Rb¨
evwo‡Z wM‡q gv-evevi c”Q‡›`i KvR Lye g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q Ki‡Z _v‡K| GUv A‡bKUv †Nvj
w`‡q `y‡ai mva †gUv‡bvi gZ| e¨w³i †cÖlYv I Kv‡Ri Dci wbf©i K‡i Dcjwä Kiv hvq
†h, e¨w³ Zvi e¨_©Zv Avovj (Compensation)
Ki‡Q wK bv?
13| Identification (cwiwPZ nIqv): GwUI
gv‡S gv‡S AvZ¥i¶vi Dcvq n‡Z cv‡i| GB Identification g~j¨‡ev‡ai †¶‡Î bq Z‡e Defensive - Gi †¶‡Î e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| GLv‡b Identification ej‡Z gvby‡li g‡a¨ †h †bwZevPK Abyf~wZ (Feelings) I Pvwn`v¸‡jv‡K (Needs)
†evSv‡bv n‡”Q| †hgb: GK e¨w³i g‡b A‡bK e¨_v Av‡Q| Ab¨ Av‡iK R‡bi g‡a¨I
GKB e¨_v Av‡Q d‡j `yR‡bi g‡a¨ fvj m¤úK© M‡o I‡V Ges Zv‡`i †bwZevPK Abyf~wZ I
Pvwn`v¸‡jv c~iY bv nIqvi Rb¨ ïayB `xN©k¦vm †d‡j| hLb Zv‡`i Ac~Y© Pvwn`v
ev Abyf~wZ¸‡jvi †h †Kvb GKwU PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ `yÕRbB GK mv‡_ KvR K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Reciprocal
Identification e‡j|
D`vniY wn‡m‡e ejv hvq, †Kvb GK Mªv‡g `yB bZzb eD Av‡Q Ges Zv‡`i
k¦vïixiv †Kvbfv‡eB Zv‡`i‡K c”Q›` K‡i bv| †QvU †QvU wel‡q Zv‡`i fyj a‡i Ges Zv
wb‡q A‡bK MvwjMvjvR K‡i| `yB eDB GRb¨ A‡bK Kó cvq; wKš‘ k¦vïix‡K wKQz ej‡Z cv‡i
bv| Zv‡`i GB K‡ói Kvi‡Y g‡b w`‡b w`‡b k¦vïixi wei“‡× ivM N„Yv Rg‡Z _v‡K| `yB
bZyb eD hLb Zv‡`i ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ GKB Abyf~wZ Avwe®‹vi I mnfvwMZv †c‡i‡Q Zv‡`i
g‡a¨ eÜz‡Z¡i m„wó n‡q‡Q| Kvib Zv‡`i Pvwn`v (fvjevmv I ¯^xK…wZ cvevi AvKv•¶v) I
AbyyfywZ (Kó, ivM, N„Yv) GKB| ZvB ZvivI wm×vš— wb‡q‡Q my‡hvM hLb Avm‡e
ZLb ZvivI Zv‡`i k¦vïix‡`i Qvo w`‡e bv|
14| Fantasy
(KvíwYK KíYv ev Kí‡jv‡K evm Kiv): mevB Kíbv K‡i I Kíbv Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡i| Z‡e GwUi gva¨‡g gvbyl KíYvq GgbwKQy KíYv K‡i, hvi ga¨ w`‡q †m Zvi
A‡PZb g‡bi A‡bK Kó `~i K‡i ev Pvwn`v (Afve) c~i‡b AvZ¥Z…wß jvf K‡i| †hgb:
ivYx GK †gavex I Lye my›`ix evwjKv| Zvi Lye B‡”Q †m bvwqKv n‡e| Z‡e, Mixe N‡i
Rb¥ jvf Kivq †m cÖ‡qvRbgZ covïbv I Awfbq RM‡Zi mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡Z cvi‡jv bv |
ciewZ©‡Z Zvi GKRb wcI‡bi mv‡_ we‡q wVK n‡j ci Zvi g‡b A‡bK K‡ói D`q nq| †m
wb‡Ri fvM¨‡K †`vlv‡ivc Ki‡Z _v‡K| GB ivM Zvi A‡PZb g‡b _vKvi d‡j cÖvqB Zvi gb
welYœ _v‡K| Zvi GB Kó‡K f~‡j _vKvi Rb¨ ivYx KíYvq †`LZ †Kvb GK bvqK Zvi Lyu‡R
Zvi Kv‡Q Qz‡U Avm‡Q, Zvi mv‡_ cvwj‡q hv‡”Q, Zvi mv‡_ Awfbq Ki‡Q BZ¨vw`| Ggb
Kíbv K‡i †m Avb›` cvq Ges Zvi ga¨ w`‡qB Zvi Af¨š—ixb Kó †m f~‡j _v‡K|
15| Rationalization: gvbyl cÖK…wZMZfv‡eB hyw³ev`x| Avgv‡`i †hgb Av‡eM (Emotion) Av‡Q; †Zgwb hyw³ w`‡q wePvi Kivi ¶gZvI (Rationality) Av‡Q| ZvB, ïay hyw³ w`‡q Av‡eM‡K AeÁv K‡i, wb‡Ri Kg©‡K cÖwZwôZ
Kiv ev wb‡Ri †Kvb AcKg© XvKv, A_ev wb‡Ri `~e©j w`K jywK‡q ivLvi †Póv KivB n‡jv Rationalization| G †¶‡Î Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, Avgvi g‡a¨ †`Lv‡bv cÖeYZv (Need) Av‡Q; Ab¨w`‡K Avgvi j¾vI (Feeling) Av‡Q| hLb Avwg Av‡eM‡K AeÁv K‡i ïay gvÎ hyw³ ZK© w`‡q †Kvb wKQy
j¾vi f‡q; Ab¨w`‡K Ab¨‡K †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ Kwi (cÖK…Z c‡¶ hv Kiv wVK bq) ZLb Zv‡K Rationalization e‡j|
16| Displacement (Av‡e‡Mi wePz¨wZ): GwU
g~jZ Ggb †h, weov‡ji ivM †fovi m‡½ Svov| gvby‡li g‡a¨ †h †bwZevPK AbyfywZ¸‡jv
wewfbœ Kvi‡b ˆZix nq †m¸‡jv‡K hLb mwVK RvqMvq I mwVK e¨w³i mvg‡b cÖKvk bv K‡i,
Ab¨ RvqMvq I Ab¨ e¨w³ ev e¯‘i Dci (we‡kl K‡i wb‡`©vl eD, †Q‡j-†g‡q, cÖvYx
ev e¯‘i Dci) cÖKvk Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K Displacement e‡j| hv‡K ¯’vbPz¨wZI ejv hvq| †hgb: Awd‡mi wcIb Awd‡m
†ev‡mi KvR †_‡K ivM ev Acgvb †c‡q evwo G‡m eD‡qi Dci †mB ivM Sv‡i| d‡j †mB ivM
Avevi eD Zvi †Q‡ji Dci Sv‡o; †Q‡j †mB ivM Avevi `iRvi mvg‡b ï‡q _vKv weov‡ji
Dci Sv‡o| Avm‡j GB cÖwµqvq mgm¨vi †Kvb mgvavb †bB; eis Gi ga¨ w`‡q e¨w³i g‡a¨
Av‡iv mgm¨vi m„wó nq| ev¯—‡e †`Lv hvq †h, mwVK RvqMvq mwVKfv‡e †bwZevPK
AbyfywZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z bv †c‡i e¨w³ Aby‡kvPbv K‡i| cÖK„Z c‡¶ GwU AvZ¥i¶v Qvov wKQyB
bq| Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b GwU Kvg¨ bq| †Kbbv Zv A¯^v¯’¨Ki| ZvB Zv hZ m¤¢e cwinv‡ii
Af¨vm Mo‡Z n‡e|
17| Isolation (c„_KxKiY ev wew”QbœKiY A_ev wbtm½): GwU Av‡iKwU Defensive Attitude|
GwUi gva¨‡g †h mKj †bwZevPK Abyf~wZ Ges Pvwn`v (Negative Feelings
and Needs) m¤úwK©Z cÖm½ gvbyl‡K Kó‡`q †m¸‡jv hLb †KD
DÌvcb K‡i ZLb †m welq †_‡K Ab¨ wel‡q hvevi †Póv‡K Isolation (c„_KxKiY ev wew”QbœKiY A_ev wbtm½)| D`vniY¯^iƒc
myR‡bi
mv‡_ evejyi SMov †j‡M‡Q ZvB myRb evejyi bvgB ïb‡Z cvq bv ZvB †m myR‡bi bvg ïbv
gvÎB gyL Nywi‡q ‡bB A_ev RvqMv †_‡K m‡o hvq| GgbwUB c„_KxKiY ev wew”QbœZvKiY
A_ev wb:m½ Ae¯’v hv‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z ejv nq AvB‡mv‡jkb
Isolation |
Dc‡ii
Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv †`Ljvg †h Avg‡`i g‡a¨ KZ iKg AvZ¥i¶vg~jK c×wZ Av‡Q| Pvwc‡q
ivLv, mwi‡q ivLv, †X‡K ivLv, Avovj Kiv, Avgv‡`i mwZ¨Kv‡ii Abyf~wZ cÖKvk bv K‡i
D‡ëvUv cÖKvk Kiv BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv meB Avgv`‡i Abyf~wZ ev Pvwn`viB cÖKvk gvÎ hvi
ga¨ w`‡q Avgiv wKQy mg‡qi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i AvZ¥i¶vg~jK g‡bvfve‡K `~‡i mwi‡q ivL‡Z
cvwi; wKš‘ ci¶‡YB †m¸‡jv Avgvi g‡a¨ †R‡M I‡V| ZvB AvZœi¶vg~jK c×wZmg~‡ni g‡a¨
Avgv‡`i BwZevPK ev ¯^v¯’¨Ki DcvqB Aej¤^b Kiv DwPr ev `iKvi e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|
Ges Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ †h mg¯— Pvcv ivM, wnsmv, we‡Øl, †µvk-Av‡µvk, Awfgvb Av‡Q
†m¸‡jv mivmwi cÖKvk KivB fvj I ¯^v¯’¨Ki AvZœi¶vg~jL Dcvq e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| hv
eiveiB Avgv‡`i gvbwmK kw³mg~‡n MVbg~jK ev m„Rbx †Kvb wKQz‡Z Kv‡R jvMv‡Z Avgv‡`i
m¶g K‡i †Zvj‡e| ZvB cÖ‡Z¨‡KB †hb Zv‡`i mv‡_ Rwo‡q _vKv Zvobv¸‡jv ïay wPš—vq bq,
Abyf~wZ‡Z bq Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g `~i Ki‡Z cv‡i †m cÖZ¨vkvB Kwi|
References:
- Schacter, Daniel L. Psychology:
2nd Ed,
- Freud, A; the Ego and
Mechanisms of Defense: Hogarth press and Institude of
Psycho-Analysis,
- Paulhus, D. L., Fridhandler B.,
and Hayes S. Psychological defense: Contemporary theory and
research: Boston Academic press,
- Mc Williams,
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